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Coded Wire Tag Fact Sheet updated August 2010
What is a Coded Wire Tag?
- Coded Wire Tags (CWT) are small pieces (0.25 x 0.5 or 1.0 mm) of stainless
steel wire that are injected into the snouts of juvenile salmon and steelhead.
Each tag is etched with a binary code that identifies its release group. Until
recently all tagged fish also had their adipose fin removed. The adipose clip
is the external flag identifying which adult fish bear a CWT to samplers,
processors and fishers. Heads of all adipose clipped fish recovered in Alaskan
waters are sent to a lab in Juneau where the tags are found using very
sensitive metal detectors, dissected out of the head and decoded. Release,
catch/sample and recovery data are merged and estimates of contribution of tag
groups to sampled fisheries are updated each day. This stock identification
tool is used by researchers and managers to evaluate success of hatchery
practices, estimate survival, find out where release groups are caught and to
determine stock contribution of sampled fisheries. Alaska's CWT release and
recovery program is an integral part of a large coordinated coastwide program
Coastwide Releases
- Since 1968, 78 agencies in 5 states and British Columbia have used 45,691 codes and 817 miles of wire to tag 1.3 billion
salmon and steelhead.
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Alaskan Releases
- Since 1973, 21 agencies representing 62 different hatchery sites have used 8,087 unique codes and 58 miles of wire to tag 111
million salmon and steelhead released at 328 locations in Alaska.
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Alaskan Sampling Information
- Since 1976, 128 million salmon were sampled in commercial, cost recovery, and sport fisheries and spawning grounds at 216 locations
throughout Alaska. To date 310,513 individual sampling events have been recorded on forms and entered on the computer. 1.17 million
heads weighing 906.7 tons were removed from adipose clipped salmon and sent to the lab in Juneau for tag removal and decoding.
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Database and Report Generation Statistics
- Thirty five years of Alaskan catch statistics, sampling information and CWT tag recoveries, and 43 years of coast-wide release data
are maintained in a dedicated database. Catch/sample statistics for 574 strata and fishery contribution estimates are updated daily.
Access to CWT information is provided over the World Wide Web through a report generator which allows users to
filter data on a wide variety of variables. Results of queries can be provided to requestors as web screens, email attachments, or FTP
files. They are suitable for further manipulating using tools like Excel and Access. Also, customized reports can be set up
by our data processing staff, run on schedule and the results made available. Contact us if you need assistance with customized data retrieval.
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- In 2006 the Division of Commercial Fisheries of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game instituted an Electronic Sampling application named
CWT Mobile for the purposes of reducing paper form data capture of Commercial Samples. When sampling commercial deliveries of salmon our
personel now enter all information into a hand held computer. The data is transmitted over the internet to servers at the MTA Lab, validated
and moved into the centralized database nightly. This approach, speeds up sampling, reduces errors, and provides managers with very
accurate and current data. So far this effort has been extremely successful as shown here:
Year Sampled | Commercial Samples Submitted on Paper | Commerical Samples Submitted Electronically | Total Samples Received |
2010 | 907 | 5,106 | 6,013 |
2009 | 1,034 | 5,066 | 6,100 |
2008 | 1,579 | 4,368 | 5,947 |
2007 | 1,776 | 3,942 | 5,718 |
2006 | 3,308 | 2,288 | 5,596 |
For more information here is a Power Point presentation of the Electronic Sampling application and process: Electronic Sample Acquisition in Alaska
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Related Web Sites
- Northwest Marine Technology is the provider of most tags and specialized
equipment used for tagging Pacific salmonids. The Regional Mark Processing
Center maintains the authoritative U.S. copy of the complete coastwide Coded Wire Tag database.
They also coordinate salmon fin marking. The North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission
is primarily concerned with high seas salmon issues. It includes Japan, Russia, the U.S., and Canada. An extensive
library of reports are available.
Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission maintains technical papers of Washington and Oregon salmon based on CWT
analysis. The Pacific Salmon Commission relies extensively on CWT studies to oversee treaty compliance.
Coded Wire Tag Laboratory Forms in PDF format:
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